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Calculates ionisation energy losses of charged hadrons, muons, and
electrons/positrons with ionisation fluctuations
See also DELTARAY
For any SDUM's but PRIM-ION:
WHAT(1) >= 1.0 : restricted energy loss fluctuations (for hadrons and muons) switched on =< -1.0 : restricted energy loss fluctuations (for hadrons and muons) switched off = 0.0 : ignored Default: restricted energy loss fluctuations for hadrons and muons are activated if option DEFAULTS is missing or if it is used with SDUM = CALORIMEtry, EET/TRANSmut, HADROTHErapy, ICARUS, NEW-DEFAults or PRECISIOn. With any other SDUM value, they are not activated.
WHAT(2) >= 1.0 : restricted energy loss fluctuations (for electrons and positrons) switched on =< -1.0 : restricted energy loss fluctuations (for electrons and positrons) switched off = 0.0 : ignored Default: restricted energy loss fluctuations for electrons and positrons are activated if option DEFAULTS is missing or if it is used with SDUM = CALORIMEtry, EM-CASCAde, HADROTHErapy, ICARUS, NEW-DEFAults or PRECISIOn. With any other SDUM value, they are not activated.
WHAT(3) : If WHAT(1) (resp. WHAT(2)) >=1, WHAT(3) represents the accuracy
parameter for the ionisation fluctuation algorithm (see [Fas97a])
for hadrons and muons (resp. electrons and positrons).
The accuracy parameter can take integer values from 1 to 4
(corresponding to increasing levels of accuracy)
< 0.0 : resets to default
Default = 1.0 (minimal accuracy)
WHAT(4) = lower bound (or corresponding name) of the indices of the materials in which the restricted energy loss fluctuations are activated ("From material WHAT(4)...") Default = 3.0
WHAT(5) = upper bound (or corresponding name) of the indices of the materials in which the restricted energy loss fluctuations are activated ("... to material WHAT(5)...") Default = WHAT(4)
WHAT(6) = step length in assigning indices ("...in steps of WHAT(6)") Default: 1.0
For SDUM = PRIM-ION:
generation of primary ionisation electrons is switched on (or switched
off, if WHAT(3) < 0)
Delta rays below threshold for explicit generation are generated anyway:
for close collisions down to the threshold, and for distant collisions down
to an internally computed value, such as to match the input 1st ionisation
potential and the average number of primary ionisations per unit length.
WHAT(1) = effective 1st ionisation potential (eV) (meaningless for model 1) No default
WHAT(2) = number of primary ionisations per cm for a mimimum ionising particle (assumed to be a muon+ at beta*gamma = 3). For gases it must be the value at NTP. If set = 0 (valid value), only primary electrons related to close collisions will be produced and WHAT(1) and WHAT(3) will be meanigless. No default
WHAT(3) = primary ionisation model type (1, 2, 3 or 4) 0 is ignored if a previous call set a value > 0, otherwise it forces the default A value < 0 switches off primary ionisation production Default: 1
WHAT(4) = lower bound (or corresponding name) of the indices of the materials in which the choices represented by WHAT(1),(2) and (3) apply ("From material WHAT(4)...") Default = 3.0
WHAT(5) = upper bound (or corresponding name) of the indices of the materials in which the choices represented by WHAT(1),(2) and (3) apply ("... to material WHAT(5)...") Default = WHAT(4)
WHAT(6) = step length in assigning indices ("...in steps of WHAT(6)") Default: 1.0
SDUM = PRIM-ION
Default (option IONFLUCT not given): ionisation fluctuations are simulated or not depending on option DEFAULTS as explained above. Explicit primary ionisation events are never simulated by default.
Notes:
Example (number-based):
*...+....1....+....2....+....3....+....4....+....5....+....6....+....7....+....8 IONFLUCT 0.0 1.0 3.0 7.0 16.0 3.0 IONFLUCT 1.0 0.0 2.0 8.0 10.0 2.0 DELTARAY 1.E-3 0.0 0.0 10.0 11.0 * The special FLUKA algorithm for ionisation fluctuations is activated * with accuracy level 3 for photons and electrons in materials 7, 10, 13 and * 16 (Nitrogen, Aluminum, Silver and Mercury). The same algorithm is activated, * at an accuracy level = 2, for materials 8 and 10 (Oxygen and Aluminum), but * in the latter material only for ionisation losses with energy transfer * < 1 MeV. Losses with larger energy transfer will result in explicit delta * electron production. In material 11 (Iron), delta rays will be produced if * the energy transfer is larger than 1 MeV, but fluctuations for lower energy * transfers will be ignored.
The same example, name based:
IONFLUCT 0.0 1.0 3.0 NITROGEN MERCURY 3.0 IONFLUCT 1.0 0.0 2.0 OXYGEN ALUMINUM 2.0 DELTARAY 1.E-3 0.0 0.0 ALUMINUM IRON